TASK 1 dan TASK

Nama   : AJI TRI SAMBODO

NPM    : 10210466

Kelas    : 4EA18

TASK 1

1.      Difference Between Simple Past and Present Perfect

The simple past tense indicates that an activity or situation began and ended at a particular time in the past. The present perfect expresses the idea that something happened (or never happened) before now, at an unspecified time in the past.The exact time it happened is not important. It also expresses the repetition of an activity before now. The exact time of each repetition is not important.

2.      Subject - Verb Agreement

Subject-verb agreement just means using the right version of the verb to agree with the subject.
ex: Cars is coming

3.      Difference Between Possessive Pronoun and Possessive Adjective

A possessive pronoun takes the place of a noun that belongs to someone or something.The possessive pronouns are: mine, yours, his, hers, ours.

ex : The house on the corner is ours. A possessive adjective describes a noun as belonging to someone or something. A possessive adjective is placed just before the noun it describes.The possessive adjectives are: my, your, his, her, our, their, it's.
ex : Our house is on the corner.

4.      Collective Noun

a collective noun is the name of a number (or collection) of people or things taken together and spoken of as one whole. For example, in the phrase "a pride of lions",pride is a collective noun.

TASKS 2

What is a Verb Complement?

A verb complement is the arrangement of one verb as the object of another verb.
This happens three ways in English:

1.      With Infinitives

ex : I asked her to leave, I wanted to leave, I helped him to leave, I stopped for the child to cross the street.

2.      With Gerunds

ex : I considered leaving the job, I regretted his leaving the job, They decided on leaving.

3.      With Noun Clauses 

ex : I insisted that he leave, I wondered why he left, She acknowledged that she had left the job, He didn’t know that she had left, She decided when she would leave.
Verb and Preposition followed by Gerund.

ex : After being stopped by the police, George admitted to having drunk two pints of beer.
Adjective and Preposition followed by Gerund

ex : He is accustomed to having his own office. She is addicted to watching TV. She is afraid of speaking in public.

Tugas 3

Nama    : Aji Tri Sambodo

NPM     : 10210466

Kelas    : 4ea18 

1.    Verb As Complement

     A verb complement is the arrangement of one verb the object of another verb. This happens three ways in English.

For Examples:

a.  With Infinitives

• She wants to go to a movie.
• I decided to refuse the invitation 
• Mary needs to talk about her problem

b.  With Gerunds

• Reading helps you learn English
• Her favorite hobby is reading
• He enjoys not working

c.  With noun clauses

• I insisted that she leave
• I wondered why they left
• She acknowledged that she had left the job

2.    Verb + Preposition Followed By Gerund

For Examples: 

• They laughed about having to do such silly things
• He appologized for not introducing his self sooner
• The students complained about being made to wear a uniform to school.

3.   Adjective + Preposition Followed By Gerund

For Examples:

• Afraid of : He is afraid of speaking in public.
• Addicted to : He is addicted to watching movie.
• Tired of : She is tired from working all day.

Reference :

• http://www.englishpage.com/gerunds/part_1.htm
• http://www.usingenglish.com/forum/threads/93488-Infinitive-Complements
• http://www.english4dummies.com/verbs_as_complements.html

Cerpen/karangan bahasa inggris bisnis 2

Lake Toba

          In the northern area of Sumatra Island, lived a young man. Everyday, he work hard as a farmer. One day in the morning, the young man went fishing in a river. Not so long after he threw the bait, it was bitten by a fish. He pulled the fishing rod and was amazed by the fish he caught. It was a golden fish. “Wait, please don’t eat me,” the fish suddenly spoke to the young man. Startled, the young man dropped the golden fish and it suddenly turned into a beautiful girl. 

 

        “I must have been dreaming,” the young man said to himself. “Don’t afraid, Sir. I was a princess cursed by the gods because a mistake I did. You’ve save me,” said the girl. “As my gratitude, I’m willing to be your wife.” The young man was so amazed to see the beauty of the girl, so he accepted her as his wife. They became man and wife but with one condition, the young man promised not to mention about the fish form of the girl. Terrible disaster will happen if the promise is broken.  

 

        A year passed, the young man and his wife already had a son. They were so happy. Their son grew up as a healthy boy. But he was a little naughty. He also had a habit, he was always hungry. One day, the wife asked their son to deliver lunch to his father. But, the son ate the food on his way to the fields. The father had been working since morning. He was so hungry. Finding that there’s no food left for him, he said angrily, “Stupid boy! You little fish boy!” He didn’t realize that he broke the promise. 

 

      After he said those words, his son and wife mysteriously disappeared. From their footstep on the ground, there’s water bursting out. The water kept coming out and started to flood the area. The whole village and the surrounding area became a lake. There’s a small island in the middle of the lake, known as Samosir Island. And the lake is known as Lake Toba.

 

sumber : http://bassombear.blogspot.com/2013/06/kumpulan-cerita-pendek-bahasa-inggris.html

Explain about Simple Tenses, Singular & Plural, Pronoun

Explain about Simple Tenses

1. Present Tense (Waktu Sekarang)

• Simple Present Tense (Waktu sekarang sederhana)

Simple Present Tense adalah tenses (pola kalimat) yang digunakan untuk menceritakan waktu sekarang dalam bentuk sederhana.
Rumus Verbal

(+) S + V1 s/es + O
(-) S + do/does not + V1 + O…
(?) Do/Does + S + V…?

Rumus Nominal

(+) S + be(am, is, are) + Adj / Noun / Adverb (disingkat ANA)
(-) S + be + not + ANA
(?) Be + S + ANA ?

- Biasanya menggunakan daily activity : Always, usually, often, seldom.
Contoh Kalimat Verbal Simple Present Tense:

(+) My father goes to post office.
(-) My father does not go to post office.
(?) Does your father go to post office?

Contoh Kalimat Nominal Simple Present Tense.

(+) Marcella is a stronger woman.
(-) Marcella is not a stronger woman.
(?) Is she a stronger woman?

• Present Continuous Tense (Waktu berlangsung sekarang)

Present Continuous Tense adalah pola kalimat yang digunakan untuk sesuatu yang sedang berlangsung saat ini.
Rumus Verbal

(+) S + be + V-ing + O
(-) S + be + not + V-ing + O
(?) Be + S + V-ing + O…

Rumus Nominal

(+) S + be (am, is, are) + Adj / Noun / Adverb (ANA)
(-) S + be + not + ANA
(?) Be + S + ANA

Contoh Kalimat Verbal Present Continuous Tense:

(+)  I am speaking english
(-)   I am not speaking English
(?)  am I speaking English?

Contoh Kalimat Nominal Present Continuous Tense:

(+) He is handsome.
(-) He is not handsome.
(?) Is he handsome?

• Present Perfect Tense (Waktu sempurna sekarang)

Present Perfect Tense adalah pola kalimat yang terjadi pada masa lampau dan masih berpengaruh hingga sekarang.
Rumus Verbal:

(+) S + Have/Has + V3 + O
(-) S + Have/Has + not + V3 + O
(?) have/has + S + V3 + O

Rumus Nominal:

(+) S + have/has + to be 3 (been) + non verb + O
(-) S + have/has + not + to be 3 + non verb + O
(?) have/has + S + to be 3 + non verb + O?

Contoh Kalimat Verbal Present Perfect Tense:

(+) I have finished my work.
(-) I have not finished my homework.
(?) Have I finished my homework?

Contoh Kalimat Nominal Present Perfect Tense:

(+) She has been here for 20 minutes.
(-) She has not been here for 20 minutes.
(?) Has she been here for 20 minutes?

• Present Perfect Continuous (Waktu Berlangsung Sempurna Sekarang)

Present Perfect Continuous adalah tindakan yang dimulai di masa lalu dan masih berlanjut sampai sekarang. Tenses ini juga digunakan untuk menceritakan kejadian yang dimulai dimasa lalu dan baru saja selesai.
Rumus Verbal:

(+)  S + have/has + been + V-ing + O + Adj / Noun / Adverb (ANA)
(-) S + have/ has + not + been + V-ing + O + ANA
(?) Have/has + S + been + V-ing + O + ANA

Rumus Nominal:

(+) S + has/have + been + ANA
(-) S + has/have + not + been + ANA
(?) Has/have + S + been + ANA

Contoh Kalimat Verbal Present Perfect Continuous:

(+)He has been studying  for 3 hours.
(-)  He has not been studying  for 3 hours.
(?) Has he been playing studying  for 3 hours?

Contoh Kalimat Nominal Present Perfect Continuous:
(+) I have been in Cirebon.
(-) I have not been in Cirebon.
(?) Have I been in Cirebon?
  

2. Past Tense (Waktu Lampau)

• Simple Past Tense (Waktu lampau sederhana)

Simple Past Tense adalah tenses yang digunakan untuk menyatakan kegiatan yang terjadi dimasa lampau dan waktu terjadinya persitiwa itu telah diketahui.
Rumus Verbal:

(+) S + V2 + O + Adj / Noun / Adverb (ANA)
(-) S + did + not + V1 + O + ANA
(?) Did + S + V1 + O + ANA ?

Rumus Nominal:

(+) S + to be 2 (was/were) + ANA
(-) S + to be 2 (was/were) + ANA
(?) to be 2 + S + ANA ?

Contoh Kalimat Verbal Simple Past Tense:

(+) The Doctor went to the hospital yesterday.
(-) The Doctor did not go to the hospital yesterday.
(?) Did the Doctor go to the hospital yesterday?

Contoh Kalimat Nominal Simple Past Tense:

(+) He was a teacher.
(-) He was not a teacher.
(?) Was he a teacher?

Note:

Was: I, He, She, dan It.
Were: You, We, They.

• Past Continuous Tense (Waktu berlangsung lampau)

Past Continuous Tense adalah tenses yang digunakan untuk menyatakan peristiwa yang sedang terjadi, tetapi bukan sedang terjadi sekarang, melainkan sedang terjadi “dulu”, sudah lewat.
Rumus Verbal:

(+) S + to be 2 (was/were) + V-ing + O
(-) S + to be 2 (was/were) + not + V-ing + O
(?) to be 2 (was/were) + S + V-ing + O

Rumus Nominal:

(+) S + to be 2 + Adj / Noun / Adverb (ANA)
(-) S + to be 2 + not + ANA
(?) to be 2 + S + ANA ?

Contoh Kalimat Verbal Past Continuous Tense:

(+) He was confused in studying grammar yesterday in school.
(-) He was not confused in studying grammar yesterday in school.
(?) Was he confused in studying grammar yesterday in school?

Contoh Kalimat Nominal Past Continuous Tense:

(+) She was lazy.
(-) She was not lazy.
(?) Was she lazy?

• Past Perfect Tense (Waktu Sempurna Lampau)

Past Perfect Tense adalah tenses yang digunakan untuk menunjukkan peristiwa yang terjadi dimasa lampau dan terus berlangsung ataupun selesai dimasa lampau berikutnya.
Rumus Verbal:

(+) S + had + V3
(-) S + had + not + V3
(?) Had + S + V3

Rumus Nominal:

(+) S + had + been + ANA
(-) S + had + not + been + ANA
(?) Had + S + been + ANA ?

Contoh Kalimat Verbal Past Perfect Tense:

(+) She had helped her mother after she played a game.
(-) She had not helped her mother after she played a game.
(?) Had she helped her mother after she played a game?

Contoh Kalimat Nominal Past Perfect Tense:

(+) They had been at Grage Mall since morning.
(-) They had not been at Grage Mall since morning.
(?) Had they been at Grage Mall since morning?

• Past Perfect Continuous Tense (Waktu berlangsung sempurna lampau)

Past Perfect Continuous Tense digunakan untuk mengekspresikan suatu kejadian yang sudah dimulai dan sedang berlangsung di masa lampau tapi saat ini sudah tidak terjadi lagi.
Rumus Verbal

(+) S + had + been + V-ing
(-) S + had + not + been + V-ing
(?) Had + S + been + V-ing

Rumus Nominal

(+) S + Had + Been + Being + O+ ANA
(-) S + Had + Not + Been + Being + O + ANA
(?) Had + S + Been + Being + O + ANA

Contoh Kalimat Verbal Past Perfect Continuous Tense:

(+) Isna had been sleeping for 5 hours before Her father woke up.
(-) Isna had not been sleeping for 5 hours before Her fathe woke up.
(?) Had she been sleeping for 5 hours before her father woke up?

Contoh Kalimat Nominal Past Perfect Continuous Tense:
(+) I had been being a modeling character since 2010.
(-) I had not been being a modeling character since 2010.
(?) Had you been being a modeling character since 2010? 


3. Future Tense (Waktu yang Akan Datang)

• Simple Future Tense (Waktu Akan Datang Sederhana)

Simple Future Tense digunakan untuk menyatakan perbuatan yang akan terjadi di masa yang akan datang.
Rumus Verbal :

(+) S + Will/Shall + V1 + O + ANA
(-) S + Will/Shall + not + V1 + O + ANA
(?) Will/Shall + S + V1 + O + ANA

Rumus Nominal :

(+) S + Will/Shall + Be + O + ANA
(-) S + Will/Shall + not + be + O + ANA
(?) Will/Shall + S + be + O + ANA

Contoh Kalimat Verbal Simple Future Tense:

(+) I will make a cake tomorrow.
(-) I will not make a cake tomorrow.
(?) Will you make a cake tomorrow?

Contoh Kalimat Nominal Simple Future Tense:

(+) Belinda will be a singer in my birthday party tomorrow.
(-) Belinda will not be a singer in my birthday party tomorrow.
(?) Will she be a singer in my birthday party tomorrow?

• Future Continuous Tense (Waktu berlangsung akan datang)

Future Continuous Tense adalah bentuk waktu yang digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu peristiwa yang akan sedang berlangsung atau akan sedang dilakukan di waktu tertentu di masa yang akan datang.
Rumus Verbal :

(+) S + will/shall + be + V-ing + O
(-) S + will/shall + not + be + V-ing + O
(?) Will/Shall + S + be + V-ing + O?

Rumus Nominal :

(+) S + will/shall + be + being + O + ANA
(-) S + will/shall + not + be + being + O + ANA
(?) Will/Shall + S + be + being + O + ANA?

Contoh Kalimat Verbal Future Continuous Tense:

(+) I will be studying grammar speaking at 08.00 am in ELFAST.
(-) I will not be studying grammar speaking at 08.00 am in ELFAST.
(?) Will you be studying grammar speaking at 08.00 am in ELFAST?

Contoh Kalimat Nominal Future Continuous Tense:

(+) I will be being a professional English teacher.
(-) I will not be being a professional English teacher.
(?) Will you be being a professional English teacher?

• Future Perfect Tense (Waktu sempurna yang akan datang)

Future Perfect Tense tenses yang digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu peristiwa yang akan telah terjadi atau akan telah selesai dilakukan diwaktu tertentu di masa yang akan datang.
Rumus Verbal :

(+) S + Will/Shall + Have + V3 + O + ANA
(-) S + will/shall + not + have + V3 + O + ANA
(?) Will/Shall + S + have + V3 + O + ANA

Rumus Nominal :

(+) S + Will/Shall + Have + Been + O + ANA
(-) S + will/shall + not + have + been + O + ANA
(?) Will/shall + S + have + been + O + ANA

Contoh Kalimat Verbal Future Perfect Tense:

(+) We shall have arrived in School at 10.00 o’clock.
(-) We shall not have arrived in School at 10.00 o’clock.
(?) Shall we have arrived in School at 10.00 o’clock.

Contoh Kalimat Nominal Future Perfect Tense:

(+) I will have been at Grandma House by the end of the week.
(-) I will not have been at Grandma House by the end of the week.
(?) Will you have been at Grandma House by the end of the week?

• Future Perfect Continuous Tense (Waktu berlangsung sempurna akan datang)

Future Perfect Continuous Tense adalah tenses yang digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu peristiwa yang akan telah sedang berlangsung di waktu yang akan datang dimasa lampau.
Rumus Verbal :

(+) S + Will/Shall + Have + Been + V-ing + O + ANA
(-) S + will/shall + not + have + been + V-ing + O + ANA
(?) Will/Shall + S + have + been + V-ing + O + ANA ?

Rumus Nominal :

(+) S + Will/Shall + Have + Been + O + ANA
(-) S + Will/Shall + not + Have + Been + O + ANA
(?) Will/Shall + S + Have + Been + O + ANA

Contoh Kalimat Verbal Future Perfect Continuous Tense

(+) She will have been studying for a while when you come here.
(-) She will not have been studying for a while when you come here.
(?) Will she have been studying for a while when you come here?

Contoh Kalimat Nominal Future Perfect Continuous Tense

(+) I will have been a famous artist within twenty years ahead.
(-) I will not have been a famous artist within twenty years ahead.
(?) Will I have been a famous artist within twenty years ahead.

Explain about Singular and Plural

Singular nouns digunakan untuk menunjukkan suatu benda yang berjumlah tunggal atau satu.

Contoh:

a computer, a chair, a train, a player, a teacher, a taxi, etc.

Plural nouns digunakan untuk menunjukkan benda yang berjumlah banyak (jamak).

Contoh:

computers, chairs, trains, players, teachers, taxis, etc.

Singular nouns umumnya disertai determiners (a/an, this, that, the), misalnya: a river, a castle, an idea, this book, the man, etc.

Plural nouns umumnya dibentuk dengan menambah huruf (-s) di belakang kata benda yang akan dibuat dalam bentuk jamak, misalnya: boats, bats, houses, rivers, computer, boys, girls, etc.

Explain about Pronoun

Personal pronouns adalah kata ganti untuk orang, binatang, tempat, atau sesuatu benda. Dalam kalimat, personal pronouns dapat digunakan sebagai subjek (the subject of a verb) maupun objek (the object of a verb).

Personal pronouns yang digunakan sebagai subjek kata kerja adalah I, you, he, she, it, we, dan they.

Contoh kalimat:

- My father works hard. He works in a factory.

- My sister is older than me. She is twelve.

Personal pronouns yang digunakan sebagai objek kata kerja adalah me, you, him, her, it, us dan them.

Contoh kalimat:

- I’m doing my homework. Dad is helping me.

- Goodbye, children! I’ll call you later.

Possessive pronouns adalah kata ganti yang menunjukkan kepemilikan atas suatu benda. Kata-kata yang biasa digunakan adalah mine, yours, his, hers, ours, theirs.

Contoh kalimat:
- Look at those cars. Theirs is really ugly; ours is beautiful.
- This new car is mine.

Reflexive pronouns adalah kata ganti yang digunakan untuk menunjukkan tindakan atau kegiatan yang dilakukan oleh diri subjek sendiri (subject of the verb). Kata ganti yang dipakai adalah personal pronouns (my, your, him, her, it, our, them) ditambah dengan self untuk kata benda tunggal (singular) atau selves untuk kata benda jamak (plural).

Kata ganti yang digunakan sebagai Reflexive pronoun adalah: myself, yourself, yourselves, themselves, himself, herself, dan itself.

Contoh:
- He encouraged himself to do his homework immediately.
- I enjoyed myself by traveling around the world.

sumber :

http://www.cepatbisainggris.com/2013/11/pengertian-rumus-contoh-dan-macam-macam-tenses-bahasa-inggris.html

http://catatanbahasainggris.blogspot.com/2009/02/singular-and-plural-nouns.html

http://catatanbahasainggris.blogspot.com/2009/03/personal-pronouns.html

http://catatanbahasainggris.blogspot.com/2009/03/possessive-pronouns.html

http://catatanbahasainggris.blogspot.com/2009/04/reflexive-pronouns.html